305pp., illus., paperback, Penguin Books, Cape Town, 2025
ISBN: 9781776391998
Bongani Ngqulunga discusses the role South African military officer, statesman and philosopher Jan Christian Smuts (1870-1950) played in the 1902 Treaty of Vereeniging that ended the Anglo-Boer War and in the creation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, and his approach to the ‘Native question’ as a minister under Louis Botha, as Prime Minister from 1919 to 1924 and from 1939 to 1948, and in opposition to and then coalition with J.B.M. Hertzog’s National Party.
Ngqulunga demonstrates how Smuts' thinking and policies affected his approach to the franchise, segregation and suppression of dissent and how the reforms he introduced in the 1940s after recognising that segregation had failed were too little too late. In his argument he includes how African leaders such as Sol Plaatje, D.D.T. Jabavu, Z.K. Matthews, A.B. Xuma, Albert Luthuli and Nelson Mandela viewed Smuts and his policies.